340 Measuring Response to Pain Mitigation for Ovariectomy in Beef Heifers.

Levels of Supplementation for Grazing Beef Heifers

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of providing different levels of a supplement on the nutritional characteristics and productive performance of heifers on pasture during the rainy-dry transition and dry season in Brazil or tropical area. Thirty crossbred heifers with predominance of Zebu breed were used in a completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consis...

Reproductive Management of Beef Heifers

Dose response to cinnamaldehyde supplementation in growing beef heifers: ruminal and intestinal digestion.

The objective of this study was to determine if cinnamaldehyde (CIN) could be used to improve feed intake, digestion, and immune status in growing beef heifers fed high-concentrate diets. The experiment was designed as a 4 x 4 Latin square using 4 ruminally and duodenally cannulated beef heifers with 4 treatments: control (no CIN added), 400 mg/d of CIN (low), 800 mg/d of CIN (medium), and 1,60...

Factors influencing calving difficulty in beef heifers.

Records of 547, 2-yr-old heifers of three breed groups were used to evaluate the relative influence of dam's body and pelvic measurements, calf birth weight, sire birth weight and some relative measures (ratios) of calf birth weight and dam weight at calving on calving difficulty. The data were analyzed by regression and least squares procedures. The full model explained 32.5% of the variation ...

Measuring pain and analgesic response.

Pain is a complex phenomenon, defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. This definition is widely accepted and has led to many advances in pain medicine, but it has shortcomings and has been challenged. The definition of pain underlies the complexity of its measurement. Pain is individual and subjective, modulated by physiologic...